Background and Aims: The proliferation of nuclear weapons is one of the main challenges to international peace and security. The purpose of this article is to examine the challenges of the Security Council in ensuring adherence to nuclear non-proliferation obligations.
Materials and Methods: The method of the article is descriptive and analytical, and a library tool was used to collect data qualitatively.
Ethical Considerations: In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are observed.
Findings: The most dominant treaty in the field of preventing the spread of nuclear weapons is the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. This treaty has divided the states that are parties to the treaty into two groups: states that have nuclear weapons and states that do not have nuclear weapons. This treaty is an important international agreement whose main purpose is to prevent the development of nuclear weapons. The most important challenge of the Security Council in this regard is the proliferation of nuclear weapons. There have been criticisms of the performance of the Security Council in this regard, which comes from the discriminatory treatment of the Council's performance.
Conclusion: The low success of the international law of nuclear weapons and the obstacles on its way are largely due to mutual fear and insecurity caused by the arms race in international relations. As long as the international legal framework governing arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation under the protection of international security is not strengthened, despite all efforts, the desired result for the international community will not occur.