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<ArticleSet>
<Article>
<Journal>
				<PublisherName>انجمن علمی حقوق بشر اسلامی ایران</PublisherName>
				<JournalTitle>فصلنامه علمی مطالعات  فقه اقتصادی</JournalTitle>
				<Issn>2676-7163</Issn>
				<Volume>7</Volume>
				<Issue>5</Issue>
				<PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
					<Year>2025</Year>
					<Month>10</Month>
					<Day>07</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Pragmatism of Judicial Criminal Policy in the Implementation of Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code</ArticleTitle>
<VernacularTitle>عمل‎گرایی سیاست جنایی قضایی در اجرای ماده 91 قانون مجازات اسلامی</VernacularTitle>
			<FirstPage>53</FirstPage>
			<LastPage>70</LastPage>
			<ELocationID EIdType="pii">239442</ELocationID>
			
<ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.22034/ejs.2025.460849.1820</ELocationID>
			
			<Language>FA</Language>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
					<FirstName>فاطمه</FirstName>
					<LastName>محمدزاده</LastName>
<Affiliation>دانشجوی دکتری حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.</Affiliation>

</Author>
<Author>
					<FirstName>حسین</FirstName>
					<LastName>میر محمد صادقی</LastName>
<Affiliation>استاد گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0009-0005-9868-7318</Identifier>

</Author>
<Author>
					<FirstName>محمدعلی</FirstName>
					<LastName>مهدوی ثابت</LastName>
<Affiliation>استادیار گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.</Affiliation>

</Author>
<Author>
					<FirstName>قاسم</FirstName>
					<LastName>قاسمی</LastName>
<Affiliation>استادیار گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.</Affiliation>

</Author>
</AuthorList>
				<PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
			<History>
				<PubDate PubStatus="received">
					<Year>2024</Year>
					<Month>05</Month>
					<Day>22</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</History>
		<Abstract>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; color: #1f3864; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;Background and Aims&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;: One of the cases in the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013, which has provided the basis and ground for pragmatic interpretation and as a result the, is Article 91 of this law regarding the application of limited punishment and retribution for juveniles. The purpose of this article is to examine the practicality of judicial criminal policy in the implementation of Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; color: #1f3864; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;: This article is descriptive and analytical. Materials and data are also qualitative and data collection was used in collecting materials and data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; color: #1f3864; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;Ethical Considerations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;: In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are respected&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; color: #1f3864; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;Findings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt; The findings showed that in the Islamic Penal Code regarding the application of punishments of limits and retribution in the crimes Related to teenagers (adults under eighteen years old),, with the conditions and limitations of interpretation, it is considered to apply alternative punishments, and this Ambiguity in the rules is the basis for the division of votes and the issuing of unequal votes. It has been done in similar cases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; color: #1f3864; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt; The result is that the jurisprudence regarding the issue of Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code regarding the substitutes of limits and retribution for children and adolescents is not the same and represents two points of view. One approach is approach believes though they are small and ambiguous, to apply alternative punishments and move the judicial procedure in this direction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;</Abstract>
			<OtherAbstract Language="FA">&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; color: #1f3864; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128;&quot;&gt;زمینه و هدف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;;&quot;&gt;. یکی از مواردی که در قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب سال1392، بستر و زمینه تفسیرعمل گرایانه و در نتیجه تشتت آراء دادگاه ها را فراهم نموده است، ماده91 این قانون در خصوص اعمال مجازات حدود و قصاص در خصوص نوجوانان است. هدف مقاله حاضر بررسی عمل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;;&quot;&gt;‎&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;;&quot;&gt;گرایی سیاست جنایی قضایی در اجرای ماده 91 قانون مجازات اسلامی است.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; color: #1f3864; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;مواد و روش‌ها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; color: #1f3864; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;مقاله حاضر توصیفی تحلیلی است. مواد و داده‌ها نیز کیفی است&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;;&quot;&gt; و از فیش‌برداری در گردآوری مطالب و داده‌ها استفاده‌شده است&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; color: #1f3864; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;ملاحظات اخلاقی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;در این مقاله، اصالت متون، صداقت و امانت‌داری رعایت شده است.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; color: #1f3864; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;یافته‌ها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;یافته‌ها نشان داد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;;&quot;&gt;در قانون مجازات اسلامی در خصوص اعمال مجازات حدود و قصاص در جرائم ارتکابی مربوط به نوجوانان(افراد بالغ کمتر از هجده سال)، با شرایط و قیود تفسیربرداری، قائل به اعمال مجازات‌های جایگزین گردیده است که این ابهام در قوانین، زمینه ساز تشتت آراء و صدور آرای غیریکسان در موارد مشابه گردیده است.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; color: #1f3864; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;نتیجه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;&quot;&gt; نتیجه اینکه &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Calibri Light&#039;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;رویه قضایی در خصوص موضوع ماده 91 قانون مجازات اسلامی درباره جایگزین‌های حدود و قصاص در مورد اطفال و نوجوانان یکسان و واحد نبوده و دو دیدگاه را نمایندگی می‌کند. یک رویکرد با جایگزین های مجازات مخالف است و رویکرد دیگر معتقد است که لازم است از فرصت ها و ظرفیت‌های به‌وجودآمده هرچند اندک و مبهم در قانون جهت اعمال مجازات‌های جایگزین استفاده کرده و ورویه قضایی را به این سمت سوق داد.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</OtherAbstract>
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			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">پراگماتیسم</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">عمل‌گرایی</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">ابهام گرایی تقنینی</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">نوجوانان</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">حدود</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">قصاص</Param>
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